There are various types of earthing methods used in the industry, but in this article, we will focus on the two most common ones – Copper Plate Earthing and GI Earthing.
Copper Plate Earthing:
Copper Plate Earthing is a method in which a copper plate is buried in the ground and connected to the electrical equipment. Copper is a very conductive material which has low resistance, making it an ideal material for electrical earthing. The thickness of the plate required depends on the current that needs to be grounded and soil conditions.
Copper Plate Earthing is considered a good option as it provides a low impedance path for the fault current to flow and protects against the potential hazards of electrical shock. This method also has a long life expectancy, up to 20-30 years or more depending upon the soil's chemical behavior and moisture content.
GI Earthing:
GI Earthing involves burying a galvanized iron pipe in the ground and making the required connections to the electrical equipment. Galvanized iron is a zinc-coated iron which helps to prevent rusting and corrosion.
GI Earthing is considered a more affordable option as compared to Copper Plate Earthing. However, GI has a higher resistance than Copper, which means there is a higher chance of electrical shock and damage to the equipment in case of a fault. Additionally, GI has a shorter life span than Copper, due to the possibility of rusting and corrosion.
Calculation and Physical Size Requirements:
The size of the plate or pipe required for earthing depends on the expected fault current and soil's resistivity. Soil Resistivity is a measure of how much the soil resists the flow of an electric current. It is essential to consider the soil resistivity while designing the earthing system as it directly impacts the grounding effectiveness.
To calculate the required size of the plate or pipe, a detailed survey of soil resistivity is required using a specialized instrument, known as Soil Resistivity Meter. Based on the survey, the required size of the plate or pipe can be calculated using standard formulas.
Conclusion:
While GI Earthing is more affordable initially, it has a shorter lifespan and higher resistance than Copper Plate Earthing, making it a less reliable option. Copper Plate Earthing, on the other hand, is expensive initially, but it has a longer lifespan, lower resistance, and is considered more reliable.
Buck Copper Co., Ltd. is a renowned copper manufacturer that offers high-quality copper and copper alloy products, including sheets, foils, rods, pipes, and special-shaped copper materials. Their products are widely used for electrical earthing in various industries, providing excellent conductivity and durability.
In conclusion, when it comes to earthing, it is always better to opt for a reliable and long-term solution. Choosing the right earthing method depends on various factors such as expected fault current, soil resistivity, and the type of equipment being used. Consulting with an expert in this field can help ensure the safety and reliability of the electrical system.